from dotenv import load_dotenv, find_dotenv _ = load_dotenv(find_dotenv())
openai.api_key = os.getenv('OPENAI_API_KEY')
defget_completion(prompt, model="gpt-3.5-turbo"): messages = [{"role": "user", "content": prompt}] response = openai.ChatCompletion.create( model=model, messages=messages, temperature=0, # this is the degree of randomness of the model's output ) return response.choices[0].message["content"]
下面我们来说说，书写提示词的基本原则。
提示词的基本原则
提示词的书写要清晰，带有明确的指令
给模型时间去思考，即指明模型的思考过程
原则一：提示词的书写要清晰，带有明确的指令
技巧一：使用分隔符清楚地指示输入的不同部分
分隔符可以是```, “””, < >, , :
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text = f""" You should express what you want a model to do by \ providing instructions that are as clear and \ specific as you can possibly make them. \ This will guide the model towards the desired output, \ and reduce the chances of receiving irrelevant \ or incorrect responses. Don't confuse writing a \ clear prompt with writing a short prompt. \ In many cases, longer prompts provide more clarity \ and context for the model, which can lead to \ more detailed and relevant outputs. """ prompt = f""" Summarize the text delimited by triple backticks \ into a single sentence. ```{text}``` """ response = get_completion(prompt) print(response)
回答：
1
Clear and specific instructions should be provided to guide a model towards the desired output, and longer prompts can provide more clarity and context for the model, leading to more detailed and relevant outputs.
这个例子中需要处理的内容和处理指令是区分开的。这样便于维护。
技巧二：指明固定格式输出结果，如JSON, HTML
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prompt = f""" Generate a list of three made-up book titles along \ with their authors and genres. Provide them in JSON format with the following keys: book_id, title, author, genre. """ response = get_completion(prompt) print(response)
text_1 = f""" Making a cup of tea is easy! First, you need to get some \ water boiling. While that's happening, \ grab a cup and put a tea bag in it. Once the water is \ hot enough, just pour it over the tea bag. \ Let it sit for a bit so the tea can steep. After a \ few minutes, take out the tea bag. If you \ like, you can add some sugar or milk to taste. \ And that's it! You've got yourself a delicious \ cup of tea to enjoy. """ prompt = f""" You will be provided with text delimited by triple quotes. If it contains a sequence of instructions, \ re-write those instructions in the following format: Step 1 - ... Step 2 - … … Step N - … If the text does not contain a sequence of instructions, \ then simply write \"No steps provided.\" \"\"\"{text_1}\"\"\" """ response = get_completion(prompt) print("Completion for Text 1:") print(response)
回答：
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Completion for Text 1: Step 1 - Get some water boiling. Step 2 - Grab a cup and put a tea bag in it. Step 3 - Once the water is hot enough, pour it over the tea bag. Step 4 - Let it sit for a bit so the tea can steep. Step 5 - After a few minutes, take out the tea bag. Step 6 - Add some sugar or milk to taste. Step 7 - Enjoy your delicious cup of tea!
text_2 = f""" The sun is shining brightly today, and the birds are \ singing. It's a beautiful day to go for a \ walk in the park. The flowers are blooming, and the \ trees are swaying gently in the breeze. People \ are out and about, enjoying the lovely weather. \ Some are having picnics, while others are playing \ games or simply relaxing on the grass. It's a \ perfect day to spend time outdoors and appreciate the \ beauty of nature. """ prompt = f""" You will be provided with text delimited by triple quotes. If it contains a sequence of instructions, \ re-write those instructions in the following format: Step 1 - ... Step 2 - … … Step N - … If the text does not contain a sequence of instructions, \ then simply write \"No steps provided.\" \"\"\"{text_2}\"\"\" """ response = get_completion(prompt) print("Completion for Text 2:") print(response)
回答：
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Completion for Text 2: No steps provided.
示例二中的文本没有出现类似指令步骤的文字，模型也正确判断出来了。这说明模型是有推理能力的。
技巧四：少样本学习
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prompt = f""" Your task is to answer in a consistent style. <child>: Teach me about patience. <grandparent>: The river that carves the deepest \ valley flows from a modest spring; the \ grandest symphony originates from a single note; \ the most intricate tapestry begins with a solitary thread. <child>: Teach me about resilience. """ response = get_completion(prompt) print(response)
回答：
1
<grandparent>: Resilience is like a tree that bends with the wind but never breaks. It is the ability to bounce back from adversity and keep moving forward, even when things get tough. Just like a tree that grows stronger with each storm it weathers, resilience is a quality that can be developed and strengthened over time.
text = f""" In a charming village, siblings Jack and Jill set out on \ a quest to fetch water from a hilltop \ well. As they climbed, singing joyfully, misfortune \ struck—Jack tripped on a stone and tumbled \ down the hill, with Jill following suit. \ Though slightly battered, the pair returned home to \ comforting embraces. Despite the mishap, \ their adventurous spirits remained undimmed, and they \ continued exploring with delight. """ # example 1 prompt_1 = f""" Perform the following actions: 1 - Summarize the following text delimited by triple \ backticks with 1 sentence. 2 - Translate the summary into Chinese. 3 - List each name in the Chinese summary. 4 - Output a json object that contains the following \ keys: chinese_summary, num_names. Separate your answers with line breaks. Text: ```{text}``` """ response = get_completion(prompt_1) print("Completion for prompt 1:") print(response)
回答：
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Completion for prompt 1: 1 - Siblings Jack and Jill go on a quest to fetch water from a hilltop well, but misfortune strikes as Jack trips and tumbles down the hill, with Jill following suit, yet they return home slightly battered but undeterred in their adventurous spirits.
prompt_2 = f""" Your task is to perform the following actions: 1 - Summarize the following text delimited by <> with 1 sentence. 2 - Translate the summary into Chinese. 3 - List each name in the Chinese summary. 4 - Output a json object that contains the following keys: chinese_summary, num_names. Use the following format: Text: <text to summarize> Summary: <summary> Translation: <summary translation> Names: <list of names in Italian summary> Output JSON: <json with summary and num_names> Text: <{text}> """ response = get_completion(prompt_2) print("\nCompletion for prompt 2:") print(response)
注意：这里的text指的也是上面例子中的text。
回答：
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Completion for prompt 2: Summary: Jack and Jill go on a quest to fetch water, but misfortune strikes and they tumble down a hill, returning home slightly battered but with undimmed adventurous spirits. Translation: Jack 和 Jill 去取水，但不幸的是他们跌倒了，回家时略有些受伤，但他们的冒险精神仍然不减，继续愉快地探索。 Names: Jack, Jill Output JSON: {"chinese_summary": "Jack 和 Jill 去取水，但不幸的是他们跌倒了，回家时略有些受伤，但他们的冒险精神仍然不减，继续愉快地探索。", "num_names": 2}
prompt = f""" Determine if the student's solution is correct or not. Question: I'm building a solar power installation and I need \ help working out the financials. - Land costs $100 / square foot - I can buy solar panels for $250 / square foot - I negotiated a contract for maintenance that will cost \ me a flat $100k per year, and an additional $10 / square \ foot What is the total cost for the first year of operations as a function of the number of square feet. Student's Solution: Let x be the size of the installation in square feet. Costs: 1. Land cost: 100x 2. Solar panel cost: 250x 3. Maintenance cost: 100,000 + 100x Total cost: 100x + 250x + 100,000 + 100x = 450x + 100,000 """ response = get_completion(prompt) print(response)
prompt = f""" Your task is to determine if the student's solution \ is correct or not. To solve the problem do the following: - First, work out your own solution to the problem. - Then compare your solution to the student's solution \ and evaluate if the student's solution is correct or not. Don't decide if the student's solution is correct until you have done the problem yourself. Use the following format: Question: ``` question here ``` Student's solution: ``` student's solution here ``` Actual solution: ``` steps to work out the solution and your solution here ``` Is the student's solution the same as actual solution \ just calculated: ``` yes or no ``` Student grade: ``` correct or incorrect ``` Question: ``` I'm building a solar power installation and I need help \ working out the financials. - Land costs $100 / square foot - I can buy solar panels for $250 / square foot - I negotiated a contract for maintenance that will cost \ me a flat $100k per year, and an additional $10 / square \ foot What is the total cost for the first year of operations \ as a function of the number of square feet. ``` Student's solution: ``` Let x be the size of the installation in square feet. Costs: 1. Land cost: 100x 2. Solar panel cost: 250x 3. Maintenance cost: 100,000 + 100x Total cost: 100x + 250x + 100,000 + 100x = 450x + 100,000 ``` Actual solution: """ response = get_completion(prompt) print(response)
回答：
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Let x be the size of the installation in square feet.
Costs: 1. Land cost: 100x 2. Solar panel cost: 250x 3. Maintenance cost: 100,000 + 10x
